The EU AEO involves a multi-layered risk-based C-2-B approach that acts to efficiently target and mitigate high-risk consignments while expediting low-risk consignments through the EU AEO programme at the same time. Responding to the 9/11 terror attacks and supporting improved risk management as part of the US Homeland Security initiative, Customs and Border Protection (CBP) implemented a voluntary Customs-to-Business programme called the Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (C-TPAT). Unlike other global accreditation programmes, C-TPAT’s principal certification in maintaining standards of security provision for their supply chain resides solely with the US importer and intermediaries. The EAC has launched a regional AEO programme with all five members (Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda) as participants. In response to the 9/11 terror attacks and supporting improved risk management as part of the US Homeland Security initiative, CBP implemented a voluntary C-2-B programme called the Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (C-TPAT). Based on the C-2-B partnership the WCO introduced, EU customs administrations offer AEO status as a certified standard authorisation, recognising reliable entities that are legally established in the EU, that have an Economic Operator Registration and an Identification (EORI) number and are actively involved in customs operations and international trade. http://www.tian-you.top:7020/dianacarron084